Short Tower Observations
Only recently (since about 2011) has an instrument existed that could measure COS accurately enough and fast enough (10 Hz) to make eddy flux covariance measurements. Currently, these quantum cascade lasers are commercially available through Aerodyne, Inc.
Some global modeling studies use measurements from aircraft campaigns or the NOAA flask network. See Global Modeling for accounts of these broader scale sets of measurements.
Eddy Flux Covariance
Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A., Seibt, U., Maseyk, K., Torn, M. S., Fischer, M. L., Abu-Naser, M. and Campbell, J. E.: Growing season eddy covariance measurements of carbonyl sulfide and CO2 fluxes: COS and CO2 relationships in Southern Great Plains winter wheat, Agric. For. Meteorol., 184, 48–55, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.007, 2014.
Maseyk, K., Berry, J. A., Billesbach, D., Campbell, J. E., Torn, M. S., Zahniser, M. and Seibt, U.: Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide in an agricultural field in the Southern Great Plains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111(25), 9064–9069, doi:10.1073/pnas.1319132111, 2014.
Asaf, D., Rotenberg, E., Tatarinov, F., Dicken, U., Montzka, S. A. and Yakir, D.: Ecosystem photosynthesis inferred from measurements of carbonyl sulphide flux, Nat. Geosci., 6(3), 186–190, doi:10.1038/ngeo1730, 2013.
Atmospheric Gradient / Tower measurements
Cheng, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Sun, X. and Mu, Y.: Characteristics and anthropogenic sources of carbonyl sulfide in Beijing, J. Environ. Sci., 28, 163–170, doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.052, 2015.
Commane, R., Herndon, S. C., Zahniser, M. S., Lerner, B. M., McManus, J. B., Munger, J. W., Nelson, D. D. and Wofsy, S. C.: Carbonyl sulfide in the planetary boundary layer: Coastal and continental influences, J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, 118(14), 8001–8009, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50581, 2013.
Belviso, S., Schmidt, M., Yver, C., Ramonet, M., Gros, V. and Launois, T.: Strong similarities between night-time deposition velocities of carbonyl sulphide and molecular hydrogen inferred from semi-continuous atmospheric observations in Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris region, Tellus B, 65(0), doi:10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20719, 2013.
Blonquist, J. M., Montzka, S. A., Munger, J. W., Yakir, D., Desai, A. R., Dragoni, D., Griffis, T. J., Monson, R. K., Scott, R. L. and Bowling, D. R.: The potential of carbonyl sulfide as a proxy for gross primary production at flux tower sites, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences, 116, 1–18, doi:10.1029/2011JG001723, 2011.
Berresheim, H. and Vulcan, V. D.: Vertical distributions of COS, CS2, DMS and other sulfur compounds in a loblolly pine forest, Atmospheric Environ. Part Gen. Top., 26(11), 2031–2036, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90087-2, 1992.
Some global modeling studies use measurements from aircraft campaigns or the NOAA flask network. See Global Modeling for accounts of these broader scale sets of measurements.
Eddy Flux Covariance
Billesbach, D. P., Berry, J. A., Seibt, U., Maseyk, K., Torn, M. S., Fischer, M. L., Abu-Naser, M. and Campbell, J. E.: Growing season eddy covariance measurements of carbonyl sulfide and CO2 fluxes: COS and CO2 relationships in Southern Great Plains winter wheat, Agric. For. Meteorol., 184, 48–55, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.007, 2014.
Maseyk, K., Berry, J. A., Billesbach, D., Campbell, J. E., Torn, M. S., Zahniser, M. and Seibt, U.: Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide in an agricultural field in the Southern Great Plains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111(25), 9064–9069, doi:10.1073/pnas.1319132111, 2014.
Asaf, D., Rotenberg, E., Tatarinov, F., Dicken, U., Montzka, S. A. and Yakir, D.: Ecosystem photosynthesis inferred from measurements of carbonyl sulphide flux, Nat. Geosci., 6(3), 186–190, doi:10.1038/ngeo1730, 2013.
Atmospheric Gradient / Tower measurements
Cheng, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Sun, X. and Mu, Y.: Characteristics and anthropogenic sources of carbonyl sulfide in Beijing, J. Environ. Sci., 28, 163–170, doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.052, 2015.
Commane, R., Herndon, S. C., Zahniser, M. S., Lerner, B. M., McManus, J. B., Munger, J. W., Nelson, D. D. and Wofsy, S. C.: Carbonyl sulfide in the planetary boundary layer: Coastal and continental influences, J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, 118(14), 8001–8009, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50581, 2013.
Belviso, S., Schmidt, M., Yver, C., Ramonet, M., Gros, V. and Launois, T.: Strong similarities between night-time deposition velocities of carbonyl sulphide and molecular hydrogen inferred from semi-continuous atmospheric observations in Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris region, Tellus B, 65(0), doi:10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20719, 2013.
Blonquist, J. M., Montzka, S. A., Munger, J. W., Yakir, D., Desai, A. R., Dragoni, D., Griffis, T. J., Monson, R. K., Scott, R. L. and Bowling, D. R.: The potential of carbonyl sulfide as a proxy for gross primary production at flux tower sites, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences, 116, 1–18, doi:10.1029/2011JG001723, 2011.
Berresheim, H. and Vulcan, V. D.: Vertical distributions of COS, CS2, DMS and other sulfur compounds in a loblolly pine forest, Atmospheric Environ. Part Gen. Top., 26(11), 2031–2036, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90087-2, 1992.